Friday 24 May 2024

Pygmalion: G. B. Shaw

Pygmalion




Introduction


Pygmalion is George Bernard Shaw's most famous play, mainly because of its 1938 movie adaptation. Shaw wrote the screenplay and was the first person to win both a Nobel Prize and an Academy Award. He initially imagined the character Eliza Doolittle for a beautiful actress, Mrs. Patrick Campbell, but they didn't have a romantic relationship as rumored. Some people think the strained relationship between Eliza and Professor Higgins reflects Shaw's own romantic struggles in his marriage. Shaw believed that English people didn't take their language seriously, leading to issues with accents and class in society. As a socialist, Shaw used Pygmalion to criticize social norms, including marriage and language. He focused on language in the play to address previous criticisms of his work lacking depth.


Characters



Act I


On a rainy night in Covent Garden, Clara and her family are struggling to find a cab. Freddy accidentally bumps into Liza, a flower girl, causing her flowers to fall into the mud. Clara's mother gives Liza some money for the ruined flowers. Then Colonel Pickering appears, and Liza tries to sell him a flower. She gets upset when she thinks he's a police informant, but he's actually a man named Higgins who studies accents. Higgins impresses the crowd by guessing where people are from based on their speech. He helps Clara and her mother get a taxi, and they leave. Higgins explains to Pickering how he makes money by teaching people to speak better English. They plan to have dinner together. Liza tries to sell more flowers to Pickering, but Higgins catches her in a lie. Despite this, he gives her money and leaves with Pickering. Later, Freddy arrives in a cab, looking for his family. Liza decides to take the cab home, despite the cabman's doubts about her appearance, and shows him she has money before getting in.



Act II


The next day at 11:00 a.m., Higgins and Pickering are at Higgins's house on Wimpole Street. They discuss Higgins's Universal Alphabet before Mrs. Pearce brings in Liza. Liza, cleaned up a bit, wants to take language lessons from Higgins to work in a flower shop. Higgins is intrigued when Pickering bets him he can't pass her off as a lady at a ball in six months. Pickering offers to pay for Liza to stay and learn full-time. Mrs. Pearce worries it's improper, but Liza says her parents kicked her out. Despite protests, Liza agrees to stay and learn.


Liza's father, Alfred Doolittle, arrives, impressed when Higgins guesses his Welsh roots. Alfred demands Liza back, claiming Higgins is taking advantage. Higgins accuses Alfred of trying to blackmail him. Alfred admits he's there for money and mentions Liza's cab ride to Higgins's house. He hints at wanting payment for Liza's stay, even suggesting she could be a prostitute. Higgins finds Alfred amusing and offers him money. Alfred takes five pounds, saying it's enough for him and his wife to enjoy. Liza returns in a new kimono, surprising everyone with her transformation. Alfred leaves quickly, and Higgins tells Liza he said Alfred should return later to speak with Higgins's clergyman brother, a lie to keep him away. Mrs. Pearce announces new clothes for Liza, and she excitedly rushes out as Pickering and Higgins discuss the challenge ahead.


Act III


The next day at 11:00 a.m., Higgins and Pickering are at Higgins's house on Wimpole Street. They discuss Higgins's Universal Alphabet before Mrs. Pearce brings in Liza. Liza, cleaned up a bit, wants to take language lessons from Higgins to work in a flower shop. Higgins is intrigued when Pickering bets him he can't pass her off as a lady at a ball in six months. Pickering offers to pay for Liza to stay and learn full-time. Mrs. Pearce worries it's improper, but Liza says her parents kicked her out. Despite protests, Liza agrees to stay and learn.


Liza's father, Alfred Doolittle, arrives, impressed when Higgins guesses his Welsh roots. Alfred demands Liza back, claiming Higgins is taking advantage. Higgins accuses Alfred of trying to blackmail him. Alfred admits he's there for money and mentions Liza's cab ride to Higgins's house. He hints at wanting payment for Liza's stay, even suggesting she could be a prostitute. Higgins finds Alfred amusing and offers him money. Alfred takes five pounds, saying it's enough for him and his wife to enjoy. Liza returns in a new kimono, surprising everyone with her transformation. Alfred leaves quickly, and Higgins tells Liza he said Alfred should return later to speak with Higgins's clergyman brother, a lie to keep him away. Mrs. Pearce announces new clothes for Liza, and she excitedly rushes out as Pickering and Higgins discuss the challenge ahead.


Act IV


At midnight on Wimpole Street, Eliza enters looking worn out. Pickering and Higgins ignore her, discussing trivial matters. They've been to social events where Eliza successfully passed as a high-class lady, impressing everyone. Higgins is glad the experiment is over, but Eliza feels lost now that it's done. Higgins suggests she'll feel better after some sleep and hints she could marry. Eliza rejects the idea, asserting her independence. She questions if her clothes belong to her, and Higgins assures her they do. Eliza takes advantage, asking Higgins to keep the borrowed jewels safe. Higgins explodes, and Eliza returns a ring he gave her, satisfied to get "a little of her own back." Higgins storms out, and Eliza mimics his accent before searching for the ring in the ashes.


Act V


In her drawing room, Mrs. Higgins learns that Pickering and Higgins are downstairs, seemingly calling the police for Eliza. Higgins frets about Eliza leaving, feeling lost without her reminders. Mr. Doolittle enters, blaming Higgins for his misfortune. He explains that a letter from Higgins led to him inheriting money, but he's miserable as a gentleman and struggles with newfound wealth. Mrs. Higgins reveals Eliza is upstairs, upset. Eliza descends, confident and refined in speech, angering Higgins. She thanks Pickering for treating her as more than an experiment and criticizes Higgins for his treatment. Doolittle announces he's marrying Eliza's mother and invites Pickering to the wedding. Mrs. Higgins decides to attend, leaving Higgins and Eliza alone. Eliza rejects Higgins's authority and asserts her independence, expressing interest in marrying Freddy or becoming a teacher. Higgins admires her spirit and suggests they live together with Pickering. Mrs. Higgins returns for Eliza, and Higgins asks her to run errands, bidding her goodbye confidently.


In an epilogue, Eliza marries Freddy, causing a stir. With a gift from Pickering, she opens a flower shop, while Clara pursues her own interests. Freddy and Eliza struggle at first but eventually succeed in their business, leading a comfortable life.


Here is the movie for further understanding, 


Thank you. 

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